Globalization and Epidemics

With the ever-expanding globalization and sophisticated transportation networks, the world has become a tighter global village. Human mobility has increased by more than a thousand fold since the 19th century, and the number of people traveling across the world is increasing 10% annually. In addition, economic globalization has helped to increase shipping traffic by more than 27% in the past two decades.

 

In response, international health agencies have taken steps to implement evidence-based health policies to prevent epidemic outbreaks that may result from increased international travel. Continental populations are no longer isolated, and therefore diseases that were once confined to their continent of origin can spread quickly across the world. That is, air and water transport systems have reduced such confinement.

 

For example, the SARS outbreak from a single infected physician from Guangdong spreading to 16 hotel guests in Hong Kong, who in turn spread the disease to other countries such as Vietnam, Canada, and Singapore, led to the spread of the disease to 26 countries, 5 continents, and 8,000 people. This case clearly shows the power of globalization. Another case is the Ebola virus outbreak. The outbreak started from Western Africa, where the disease was rampant at the time. A traveler passing through the affected area got the disease and brought it to the US, making it a pandemic.

 

These cases show that it is impossible to control travel of people and thus that the spread of diseases from a remote location to major cities must be controlled for. Therefore, agencies such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should coordinate technical assistance to limit the spread of diseases at the earliest known outbreak.

 

S.T. Park

EQUALITY AND EMPLOYMENT

EQUALITY AND EMPLOYMENT

 

Xiaolin Qi

 

There is no such thing as a true transcendentalism, and therefore there is no true individual.

 

Society creates humans, and people tend to rely on society. And regardless of how people view their communities, it is what their lives depend on. With such a system, there will always be issues lingering around it, causing minor and major side effects. Then it becomes people’s job as a component of this system to diagnose problems and try to solve them.

 

With the economy struggling to recover from the subprime crisis and the failure of the Chinese stock market, job opportunities have become one of the most serious social issues in recent years. In both developed and developing countries, unemployment rates have skyrocketed in the last five years. Even in the U.S., the unemployment rate has shown no significant reduction since the Obama administration. Considering the overall status of the global economy, job opportunities may not recover for up to a decade. Clearly it is a problem when 99% of the population have to worry about their everyday lives.

 

With a majority of people worried about their jobs, rich people remain in control of the market. From wealth distribution to labor force employment, all issues facing the common people are not at all a concern for these individuals. The gap in employment rates between America’s highest- and lowest-income families has stretched to its widest levels since officials began tracking it a decade ago. According to government data reported by the Associated Press, unemployment rates for lowest-income families (those earning less than $20,000) have reached 21%, nearly matching the rate for all workers during the Great Depression. The unemployment rate for the poor has skyrocketed since the 2008 financial crisis and has never fully recovered, even under the Obama administration.

 

The unemployment rate is also a huge problem when it comes to race. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics cover the age range from 16 to 19 and indicate that, for whites in this age range, the official unemployment rates are about 15.7% for Hispanics and 20.8% for African-Americans. This huge gap has been around for many decades and still has considerable influence on the economy. For every level of educational attainment, blacks have unemployment rates that are similar to or higher than less educated white counterparts. For instance, whites with only high school diplomas have unemployment rates similar to blacks with college degrees: 4.6% versus 4.1%. The unemployment rate has been a problem for minority groups in America, and it is expected to remain a serious problem in the foreseeable future.

 

There is no doubt that the economy has been expanding in recent years. However, there remain serious problems for people without jobs. It is possible that this economic expansion may reduce the unemployment rate, but this will ultimately depend on the speed at which the employment-to-population ratio increases and the increase in the productivity of the workers added as the labor market expands. Based on the current economic situation, the market is not looking good for people.

 

The Urban Society

This is the place; this is the age, Oh my ancient sage!

Where man lives hiding in his hole, deep inside this concrete jungle,

He strains his head to see the sunset, for he cannot see beyond this golden cage,

The sunrise he can never see, unnatural lights flicker and disrupt his cycle every night.

 

This is the place; this is the age, Oh my holy father!

Where everyone is in a hurry, the stress runs high,

Where money is the driving force, for it, one kills another,

Where technological intelligence thrives, and spiritual maturity is about to die.

 

This is the place; this is the age, Oh my king!

Where my ruler is a criminal, but I’m not bothered, I am mentally sedated,

The moral implications of my actions don’t bother me now,

I am here and I live for now, there is no God I fear, everyday here, truth is adulterated.

 

This is the place; this is the age, Oh my love!

Where I can break every marriage vow, showing you the glitter of diamonds,

Where I can use words like ‘divorce’ loosely for our marriage was a contract honey,

not made high above.

 

This is the place; this is the age, Oh mother earth!

Where conceited men like I, abuse you and pollute you for our greed,

We spit on the same soil we sow, it is from here that men like us grow,

We will be the cause of your death, but you will continue to give us birth.

 

This is the place; this is the age, Oh my guru!

Where my teacher despises fools, but hates that I am clever,

Where my thirst for knowledge, is my arrogance,

Where sticking to my guns, is my belligerence.

 

When the world around me is so unreal, where do I start?

Our complex minds have gotten us here; let’s give a chance to our heart,

Let emotions be the voice of reason, let your instincts be the guiding ray,

Through those clouds of uncertainty, simplicity is the only way,

Too much oo much gyaan for you to handle, now go, have a nice day!

 

Student: Ameya Malkan

An Investigative Analysis of Climate Change Using Historical and Modern Weather Data

Summary
The average air temperature has been increasing in recent years. The purpose of this study was to compare meteorological differences between the 1800s and 2000s using recorded historical and modern weather data from four different time periods, each separated by approximately 60 years. Historical weather data can be used to observe climate change in recent years and in the years dating back to the early 1800s to note if there has been an acceleration of the rate of temperature change over the past two centuries. In this study, air temperatures and various aspects of precipitation were observed and compared among the four time periods. Historical weather data from 1826-1836 were obtained from a journal recorded at Erasmus Hall High School (Brooklyn, NY), digitized, and compared to data recorded during 1894-1898, 1940-1948, and 2003-2012 from various weather stations in proximity to Erasmus Hall High School. Results showed that annual mean temperatures have increased at higher rates in more recent years and that the number of extreme days each year, defined as the days with temperatures ≥ 90ºF (32.2°C) or temperatures ≤ 10ºF (-12.2°C), increased over time. The number of days with precipitation each year has also increased; however, the amount of annual precipitation has remained constant throughout the 35 years used in this study.

Hugh Han, Richard Kurtz

Click here for PDF file: December2013(2)