NUMERALS

The numerals, now in everyday use, are called Arabic numerals, because it was from the Arabs that these numerals spread to Europe. Actually they are Indian in origin and should rightly be called Indian numerals.

The concept of zero and the digital system (including decimals) are India’s contribution to the science of numerals. The Arabs adopted the Indian system. The European got it from the Arabs (see landmarks of science).

Among the authors, who were instrumental in transmitting Indian mathematical knowledge from Arab sources to Europe, the most famous was Leonardo of Pisa (AD 1202). Other important authors were John Seville (1135), Adelard of Bath (1142), Robert of Chester (1142), Villedien (1240) and Sacrabosa (1242).

 

Student: CHITRA.K.LAL

BEHIND THE SPIRIT

I walk the hills, and the barren lands,

With a passion in my eyes, a gun in my hands.

 

Roads to freedom, the journey long and short,

The incessant firing, the sound of the impending calm.

 

Cold winds blow and they hit me hard,

Violent and fierce, but I can’t scream, not even an ‘ah’.

 

In my aim to protect my country,

I wonder what would happen if we go wrong.

 

Banish the thought from my head,

With a promise to my motherland, I move on.

 

The gun shots and the wounded friend,

I see them all with my two eyes, I am human I want to say out loud.

 

I tell myself to be of stone, be invincible to it all,

A small prayer to God to let me see the end of the day.

 

It all goes unanswered when I am shot in the head,

One last bullet I fire, take the one last step.

 

To kill the enemy, that was the perfect aim,

Free my country from the bondages of Satan’s game.

 

Heavens above call to me, for I have done my duty, they say

Protect the people I love down here, don’t let my sacrifice be in vain.

Student: Shruti Chopra

Are We Fair To The Fairer Sex?

Aren’t we expecting too much from our women?

All right, this is not cool at all. A survey by Nielsen revealed that Indian women are the most stressed out in the world — 87% of Indian women suffer from stress. This statistic alone caused me to stress out. Even in workaholic America, only 53 per cent women feel stressed.

What are we doing to our women?

I may be biased, but Indian women are the most beautiful in the world. As mothers, sisters, daughters, colleagues, wives and girlfriends, we love them. Can you imagine life without these ladies? It would be a universe full of messy, agressive and egomaniac males running the world, trying to outdo each other for no particular reason. There would be body odour, socks on the floor and nothing in the fridge to eat. The entertainment industry would die. Who wants to watch movies without an actress? Kids would be neglected and turn into drug addicts or psychopaths by age ten. Soon, all male world leaders would lose their tempers at the slightest provocations and bomb the guts out of each other’s countries. In short, without women and their sanity, the world would perish.

Yet, look at how we Indians, a nation of spiritual people, treat them. At an extreme, we abort girls before they are born, neglect their upbringing, torture them, molest them, sell them, rape them and kill them to protect our honour. Of course these criminal acts are performed by a tiny minority.

We judge our women, expect too much from them, do not give them space and suffocate their individuality. Imagine, if you did this to men, would not they be stressed out? At the end, I would say, ‘We should love women, respect them and never underestimate them’.

 

Student: Harsh Negi

China’s Perspective on the Relation of Sovereignty and Human Rights: The Practice and Reasons

China’s Perspective on the Relation of  Sovereignty and Human Rights: The Practice and Reasons

  1. Introduction

Different from the western countries, Chinese perceive the contemporary world order in a sovereignty-bound thinking. As a result, Chinese government sees state sovereignty as the basis of human rights[1], which overweighs the human rights to some extent. This perspective has caused a veritable and arguable explosion of human rights discussion[2].

After the Second World War, the Unite Nations has made the protection of human rights one of the most important issues in modern international society. As a permanent member of UN, China has laid more and more emphasis on the promotion of human rights and has achieved a lot during the past decades. However, China is still criticized and doubted by both of the west and domestic dissidents for China’s unique thought on the relationship between sovereignty and human rights, and for facts of the diminishing but existing human rights violations.

In order to confront with pressures from outside and inside, we need to give a solid and impartial understanding of China’s opinion. In doing so, this presentation will concentrate on the practice of the promotion on human rights and reasons of having the unique thoughts on the relationship between sovereignty and human rights of the People’s Republic of China. Inevitably, it first will give a brief overview of conceptions of sovereignty and human rights, and contentions on the relationship between the two to give a background of the discourse.

[1] See: Speech by Liu Huaqiu, Head of the Chinese Delegation at the World Conference on Human Rights(Vienna: Permanent Mission of the PRC to the United Nations in Vienna, 15 June 1993).

[2] Michael C. Davis, Chinese Perspectives on the Bangkok Declaration and the Development of Human Rights in Asia, 89 Am. Soc’y Int’l L. Proc. 157, 157 (1995).

 

M.Sun

电商利用个人信息的界限

电商利用个人信息的界限

摘要:有相当一部分“隐私权保护论者”认为应当对电商利用个人信息的行为进行严格限制,并将个人信息保护与所谓的“网络隐私权”等同。这种“唯隐私权保护至上”的观点,无视了电商的发展离不开数据的采集以及积极开发的现实。而本文将本着协调个人信息保护以及电子商务发展的思想,通过分析电子商务保护个人信息的实际困境;并在此基础上通过对于诸如个人信息的收集、二次利用以及归属等电商保护个人信息的争议问题的回应,大致勾画出电商保护个人信息的边界。从我国国情出发,文章认为在现阶段可以通过制定比较宽松的《个人信息保护法》,以对电商利用个人信息的行为进行规制。总体来说,我国应对电商利用个人信息的行为本着较为宽容的态度。

关键词:电子商务 个人信息 网络隐私权 保护边界

 

孙婧文