The Effect of Various Liquid Mediums on the Transport of Photonic Energy and its Impact on the Quantum Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells

Summary
Photons from sunlight with energy slightly higher than that of the band gap of silicon create electric current within a photovoltaic (PV) cell. However, many photons from sunlight have either insufficient or excess energy. This study was conducted to find the effect of different photon transmission mediums on the temperature and voltage output of photovoltaic cells. Two different photovoltaic cells were tested under a 20-watt halogen lamp with 6 transmission mediums: 5% NaCl solution, 5% sugar solution, deionized (DI) water, canola oil, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and the control (air). It was hypothesized that the mediums with higher specific heats would result in relatively lower temperature increases, maintain higher voltages and have increased efficiencies compared to the mediums with lower specific heats. The voltage drop for EVOO, canola oil and air were higher than that of the aqueous solutions such as 5% sugar solution, 5% NaCl, or DI water. The results show an estimated increase of 5-6% in the performance of conventional photovoltaic cells by simply placing a layer of aqueous solution above the PV cell.

Syamantak Payra and Susan Long

A Novel Method for Producing Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract:
We created silver nanoparticles using silver nitrate and sodium alginate
through a method of mixing and heating the two solutions. The nanoparticles
were confirmed by spectrographs and electron micrograph investigations. They
proved to be very effective inhibiting the growth of E.Coli when embedded in
agar.

Nicholas Deraney, Chloe Davis, Erik Hobbs
Chris Pollard, Charlie Hobbs, Erik Hamnquist, Dan Michaud, Jacob Valluzzi

Click here for PDF file: 2012[5]

The Case of Arisu

Students’ Attitudes Toward Tap Water: The Case of Seoul City’s Arisu

by

H.S. Yoo

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed vast numbers of people paying closer attention to various health issues. Young consumers are beginning to shun fast-food products in favor of healthy alternatives such as organic food and MSG-free products. This trend may also apply to drinking water. Producers of bottled water tempt consumers through attractive advertising and promotional campaigns, and as a result, bottled water has become the product of choice among consumers across the world. However, tap water can be just as pure and safe as any bottled water, and it is generally free. Therefore, consumers’ preference for bottled water may be a poor choice. In addition, adults’ drinking habits may be different from those of young individuals. However, previous studies have focused mainly on adult consumers of drinking water. In this regard, this study examines students’ attitudes toward tap water and investigates whether there is any gender difference in these attitudes by considering the case of Arisu, a brand of tap water supplied by the Seoul metropolitan government of Korea. According to the results, there was no significant gender difference in attitudes toward Arisu. In addition, both male and female respondents preferred bottled water to tap water. Further, both male and female respondents identified the smell of tap water was the most important factor influencing their decision to avoid tap water. The results have important practical implications for the Seoul metropolitan government as well as for other local governments wishing to promote their tap water.

Keywords: Seoul, Korea, Tap Water, Arisu, Student, Attitudes

Research Apprenticeship in Biological Sciences (RABS)

The Cornell University Research Apprenticeship in the Biological Sciences (RABS) offers serious, research-oriented students the rare opportunity to join a top-notch laboratory at one of the world’s leading research institutions.

Cornell biomedical scientists strive for excellence and use their knowledge to solve global problems and benefit society. During this innovative, intensive, and highly selective program, you will become part of the renowned biomedical research community at Cornell’s Ithaca campus, studying under the guidance of distinguished Cornell faculty members as you pursue research in an area of your choosing.

You’ll develop your research skills, becoming familiar with the lab procedures, protocols, techniques, and equipment used in cutting-edge facilities. All the while, you’ll work closely with some of Cornell’s leading professors, post-doctoral fellows, and graduate and undergraduate researchers.

If you are selected as a research apprentice, you will:

  • immerse yourself in an investigative project, spending forty hours or more a week as an integral part of a research team;
  • learn about library and Internet research tools from experts in Cornell’s Mann Library, which houses a remarkable collection of life sciences materials;
  • prepare a written report on your work, suitable for publication;
  • give an oral presentation on your research, to your lab colleagues and Summer College peers;
  • earn six college credits (roughly equivalent to two three-credit university courses) and a Cornell transcript; and
  • have the opportunity to use your summer performance and the relationship you build with your mentor to get a college recommendation letter that can really have an impact.

https://www.sce.cornell.edu/sc/programs/index.php?v=170&s=Overview

The “Despicable” Chinese

The “Despicable” Chinese
Zhenlin Kan

Headlines like “Litter Everywhere After Their Departure” and “Unwelcome Tourists From China” raise the question of whether Chinese people are internationally regarded as less civilized than others. But are they?

It is difficult to not notice the deluge of negative opinions toward one specific population, so this warrants a closer look at this issue.

On March 1, 2016, a young Chinese female passenger was insulted aboard Virgin Atlantic Airways Flight VS250 from London to Shanghai. In addition to facing discriminatory verbal abuse from a white passenger, she was also threatened by the chief flight attendant. She was completely neglected during the whole flight (except for a Chinese attendant who was warned not to talk about the incident during the flight). Enraged, the victim narrated her experience on the Internet and wrote a scathing letter to the airline.

Noteworthy is that, unlike many Chinese people who are used to receiving unfair treatment initially caused by some rude Chinese tourists and prefer to tolerate such treatment instead of becoming entangled in some conflict, the woman was courageous enough to stand up and defend her dignity. As a result, her actions galvanized millions of internet users in China into seeking justice, attracted international attention, and utimately forced Virgin Atlantic Airways to issue a formal apology.

A week later, on March 8, a dozen “Chinese” tourists were caught swimming nude at a famous public beach in Thailand. A photo taken by a local resident spread quickly online, stimulating a diverse range of inflammatory comments about Chinese tourists. However, it was later learned that the tourists were Japanese. This raises the question of whether Chinese people are more likely than other ethnic groups to be wrongfully treated and accused.

The answer may be quite simple: After the photo was released online, no Chinese responded. None called for an investigation. It would appear that to many Chinese people, such events do not really matter as long as they have some personal impact. That is, it is not worth it to get involved and be bruised in the process. This may motivate many to remain aloof to others. Defend no one, and pay no attention to others’ conduct. No wonder things have been getting worse.

Are people of various ethnic backgrounds really different? I strongly doubt it. Then the answer calls for Chinese people to voice their concerns more actively. Without this voice, Chinese people are likely to witness their situation worsen.